伴随状语ing表“主动又正在进行着”，修饰物；伴随状语ed表“被动且已经完成了”，修饰人。伴随状语是指状语的动作伴随主句发生，它的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。
伴随状语ing和ed区别
现在分词表“主动又正在进行着”
过去分词表“被动且已经完成了”
generally speaking ,vt.--->-ed作定语;vi---->-ing作定语
but,少数vi. 也可用-ing 分词作定语表状态(eg. an retired worker / a broken window)
but,有些词既有vt. and vi.所以就有两种形式(-ed/-ing)作定语(eg. a developed/developing country)
如果分词是一个词的话，一般用前置定语。
分词改定语从句
The apartment (that was)bought last year is now worth more money.
定语(后置，从句……)其他形式，不在此具体讨论。
分词作状语(关键找逻辑主语)
a)放在句首的分词往往看作时间状语1以及原因状语2
1. Looking (when I looked) at the picture, I couldn't help missing my middle school days.
2.Seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital.
=As he was seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital.
b)放在句中或句末常常看作为伴随状态(并列句)
The girl was left alone in the room，weeping(crying )bitterly.
(但注意特殊：Generally/frankly speaking... / taken as a whole(总的来讲)不考虑逻辑主语，看作为独立成分)